![]() History and examinationĪ thorough history should help establish what type of incontinence a patient is experiencing. The assessment of urinary incontinence aims to identify the underlying type and any contributing pathological processes. This occurs with advancing age, in those with peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord pathologies (e.g. Detrusor underactivity: reduced or impaired contraction of the detrusor muscle can lead to retention and overflow leakage.Bladder outlet obstruction: refers to a physical blockage and compression of the urethra, this may result from a number of pathologies including prolapse and fibroids or following pelvic surgery.It can occur secondary to physical obstruction or underactivity of the detrusor muscle: Overflow incontinence happens when someone is unable to completely empty their bladder with ‘overflow’ occurring when the bladder becomes very full or secondary to stress/urge elements. ![]() This refers to involuntary leakage of urine that is secondary to a mix of both stress and urgency incontinence. In the majority of cases it is idiopathic but it can occur secondary to neurological disorders. It appears to occur due to detrusor muscle overactivity that leads to involuntary contractions of the bladder. It occurs secondary to an overactive bladder - a condition that may or may not be associated with urgency incontinence. Urgency incontinence is characterised by the urge to pass urine associated with involuntary leakage. Generally, they are factors that lead to a weakening of the pelvic floor muscles. There are a number of factors that increase the risk of stress incontinence. This may be triggered by coughing, sneezing or exertion. ![]() This refers to incontinence that occurs secondary to a rise in intra-abdominal pressure. Stress, urgency and mixed are the most common causes of incontinence.
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